Sabtu, 01 Agustus 2009

SI AJAIB KOMODO GO INTERNATIONAL





DAYA TARIK DAN KEUNIKAN TN KOMODO

Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) adalah spesies reptil purba langka yang masih tersisa di bumi. Saat ini Komodo merupakan reptil terbesar di dunia dengan panjang dapat mencapai lebih dari 3 m dan berat lebih dari 70 Kg. Spesies ini pertama kali ditemukan oleh J.K.H. Van Steyn pada tahun 1911 dan pada tahun 1912 diberi nama Varanus komodoensis oleh PA. Owens. Spesies ini tidak dapat dijumpai di manapun kecuali di Indonesia, yaitu di pulau Komodo, Rinca and Padar, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Ketiga pulau tersebut tepatnya terletak di antara pulau Flores dan pulau Sumbawa yang merupakan area perbatasan antara Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dengan Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.

Sejarah perlindungan binatang langka yang satu dari kepunahan ini telah dimulai sejak tahun 1912 saat Sultan Bima mengeluarkan surat keputusan untuk melindungi komodo. Disusul dengan keluarnya keputusan Residen Flores Tahun 1938 tentang pembentukan Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rinca, Pulau Padar dan penetapan Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Komodo pada tahun 1965 oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Selanjutnya pada tahun 1980 menteri Pertanian RI menunjuk ketiga pulau tersebut beserta gugusan pulau-pulau kecil disekitarnya sebagai Taman Nasional Komodo dengan total luas mencapai 1.817 km2 dengan luas daratan 623 km2. Kini wilayah Taman Nasional Komodo diusulkan untuk diperluas dengan memasukkan pulau Banta ke dalamnya, sehingga total luasan akan mencapai 2.321 km2, meliputi wilayah daratan 628 Km2 dan wilayah laut 1.693 km2.

Pulau yang didominasi oleh padang savana (70%) dengan keadaan alam yang kering terbatas sumber mata air tawar dan suhu udara yang panas merupakan habitat asli reptil purba komodo (Varanus komodoensis). Kondisi vegetasi tersebut menjadikan tingkat keanekaragan fauna terestrial TN. KOMODO menjadi agak rendah jika dibandingkan dengan tingkat keanekaragaman fauna laut. Namun demikian memiliki nilai penting dilihat dari perspektif konservasi, karena beberapa jenis fauna tersebut adalah jenis endemik.

Selain komodo (Varanus komodoensis) yang menjadi icon, beberapa jenis fauna terestrial yang dapat dijumpai di wilayah TN. KOMODO adalah mamalia, burung dan reptil. Fauna dari kelompok Mamalia ; antara lain, rusa (Cervus timorensis), anjing hutan (Cuon alpinus), babi hutan (Sus scrofa), kera ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis), kuda liar (Equus caballus) dan kerbau liar (Bubalus bubalus), musang (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), tikus besar Rinca (Ratus ritjanus), dan kalong buah (Cynopterus brachyotis dan Pteropsis sp.)

Burung : tercatat terdapat 111 jenis burung, antara lain ; burung gosong (Megapodius reinwardti), kakatua jambul kuning (Cacatua sulphurea), perkutut (Geopelia striata), tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis), pergam hijau (Ducula aenea), Philemon buceroides, burung raja udang (Halcyon capensis), dan burung kacamata laut (Zosterops chloris).

Reptil : terdapat 34 jenis Reptil. Disamping reptil Komodo, jenis reptil lainnya, antara lain; ular kobra (Naja naja), ular russel (Viperia russeli), ular pohon hijau (Trimeresurus albolabris), ular sanca (Python sp.), ular laut (Laticauda colubrina), kadal (Scinidae, Dibamidae, dan Varanidae), tokek (Gekko sp.), penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata), dan penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas).

Secara geologis TN. KOMODO terletak pada pertemuan dua lempengan kontinen Sahul dan Sunda. Gesekan antara kedua lempengan tersebut telah menimbulkan letupan vulkanis besar dan tekanannya menyebabkan pengangkatan terumbu karang dan menjadikan Indonesia sebagai satu-satunya daerah khatulistiwa di dunia di mana terdapat pertemuan arus dan pertukaran flora dan fauna laut antara samudra Pasifik dan samudra Indonesia (India). Daerah pertemuan arus antara dua samodra, telah menjadikan wilayah perairan sekitar TN. KOMODO sebagai rute tetap migrasi ikan paus dan sebagai salah satu lingkungan laut terkaya di dunia. Untuk mendapatkan gambar dan informasi lebih detail klik http://www.dephut.go.id/index.php? : q=id/node/3936 ; http://www.komodonationalpark.org

Aneka jenis fauna laut yang terdapat di wilayah laut sekitar TN. KOMODO. Terumbu Karang ; terumbu karang merupakan komunitas yang terdiri darisejumlah tumbuhan dan satwa perairan laut, baik yang hidup maupun yang telah mati. Terdapat lebih dari 250 jenis koral pembentuk karang, sedikitnya 105 jenis crustaceae, dan 70 jenis bunga karang.Terumbu karang di TN Komodo merupakan habitat penting bagi sekitar 1000 jenis ikan, seperti barakuda, bengkolo, kerapu, kakap, dll serta jenis reptil laut, mamalia laut (lumba-lumba, ikan paus, dan dugongs), pari manta, paus, gurita, penyu hijau, penyu lekang, penyu sisik, kuda laut, lobster. Keanekaragaman fauna laut di TN. KOMODO ini menjadi semakin lengkap dengan keberadaan 19 spesies penyusun hutan bakau di teluk yang terlindungi dari hempasan gelombang yang secara alamiah menjadi tempat pembiakan, berpijah, dan daerah perlindungan bagi ikan, kepiting,udang, dan moluska. Hampir semuanya kehidupan laut tersebut dapat dijumpai dengan mudah di perairan Taman Nasional Komodo.

Atas berbagai kekayaan dan keunikan tersebut UNESCO telah menetapkan Taman Nasional Komodo sebagai Cagar Biosphere (a Man and Biosphere Reserve) pada tahun 1986 dan sebagai Warisan Dunia (World Heritage Site) pada tahun 1991. Sejak saat itu tujuan konservasi Taman Nasional Komodo diperluas, bukan saja untuk melindungi kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati di darat khususnya komodo, tetapi juga kelestarian biodiversitas kehidupan laut.

MENUJU TUJUH KEAJAIBAN ALAM DUNIA (NEW 7 WONDERS OF NATURE)

Sebagai sebuah tempat satu-satunya di dunia yang masih dihuni binatang reptil purba langka, satu-satunya daerah khatulistiwa di dunia di mana terdapat pertemuan arus dan pertukaran flora dan fauna laut antara samudra Pasifik dan samudra Indonesia (India) sekaligus menjadi rute tetap migrasi ikan paus serta sebagai salah satu lingkungan laut terkaya di dunia, menunjukkan secara obyektif TN Komodo layak menjadi salah satu tujuh keajaiban alam dunia. Namun untuk mencapai ke sana diperlukan banyak dukungan baik dari masyarakat Indonesia maupun dunia.

Adalah berkat kegigihan para pendukung Taman Nasional Komodo dari seluruh dunia, jika pada tanggal 21 Juli 2009 pukul 12.07 GMT (19.07 WIB), New 7 Wonders Foundation yang berpusat di Swiss telah mengumumkan TN Komodo sebagai satu diantara 28 finalis yang berhak untuk melanjutkan ke seleksi tahap III (Final) yang akan ditentukan pada tahun 2011. Sukses putaran tahap II ini menyusul sukses yang telah diraih pemungutan suara pada putaran I (Desember 2008) yang menempatkan TN Komodo sebagai salah satu dari 77 nominasi setelah menyisihkan 440 obyek obyek alam lain di seluruh penjuru dunia yang diusung oleh 220 negara.

"Ini adalah sebuah prestasi yang luar biasa, dan mata semua penduduk dunia akan menatap Taman Nasional Komodo dan Indonesia selama dua tahun ke depan," ujar Bernard Weber sang boss New7Wonders Foundation.

Dengan lolosnya Taman Nasional Komodo ini, berarti tinggal satu fase final sebelum kawasan konservasi bagi reptil terbesar di dunia itu menjadi satu di antara New 7 Wonders of Nature. Para finalis lainnya adalah obyek wisata alam yang sudah tersohor, seperti Grand Canyon, Great Barrier Reef, dan hutan hujan Amazon. Selain itu, beberapa obyek yang mungkin tak pernah Anda dengar, semisal Gunung Lumpur Azerbaijan dan Jeita Grotto di Libanon. Persaingan menuju satu di antara New 7 Wonders of Nature sudah pasti akan jauh lebih ketat.

Masyarakat Indonesia dan dunia pendukung Taman Nasional Komodo yang telah melakukan vote I dan II sebelum 7 Juli 2009 lalu, kini diharapkan untuk lebih giat lagi mengajak semua koleganya agar bersedia meluangkan sedikit waktu melakukan vote III untuk mendukung Taman Nasional Komodo di Kabupaten Manggarai Barat, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur yang pada tahun 1991 telah ditetapkan Unesco sebagai salah satu Warisan Dunia (World Heritage Site), pada tahun 2011 nanti berhasil menjadi salah satu dari tujuh keajaiban dunia (New 7 Wonders of Nature).

Hayooo...... berikan suara – mu untuk Taman Nasional Komodo dengan menggunakan salah satu dari dua cara yang tersedia. Pertama dengan cara online melalui website http://www.new7wonders.com. Kedua, melalui telephone (SLI) dengan menekan +41 77 312 4041. Setelah pesan selesai dan terdengar bunyi beep tekan kode 7717 untuk memilih Taman Nasional Komodo.

Salam

Wongsamin

Kamis, 02 Juli 2009

THE MANDATORY SFM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA


Until the end of the year 90's, forest management in the outer Java island that conducted by the Forest Concession Holder/ Forest Management Unit / IUPHHK more oriented on the amount of timber production, without considering the environmental and social aspects that must also be managed as a unity of sustainable forest management. Similarly with the forest planting activity to ensure long-term sustainability of production, less a serious run. Sustainable forest management has become a popular slogan in the forestry sector, the facts on the ground conditions are indicate otherwise. Figures rate forest degradation continue to show a number of large increases. Number of non forested areas in the working area of IUPHHK increased, decreased quality of forests and forest production aggregation function as a hydrological protection and conservation of natural resources biological-diversity to be not functioning optimally. Theory states that forests are renewable natural resources seems almost not at all evident.

Forest management errors that have occurred in a long time could not be separated from the Government’s weak monitoring capacity to the various activities of the IUPHHK as Forest Management Unit in the field. Comparison that is not balanced between the forest area to be monitored by the number of forestry staff, which makes effective monitoring as something impossible can be done without involving the other party. Forest management situation which almost all out of control, the sustainable forest management can be found only in the physical activity report data without able to do validity verification in the field, even in the scale of minimum. Garbage in garbage out, the low validity of the data reported by Forest Manajemen Unit, has caused many Government policies were not in accordance with actual conditions and problems that occur in the field.

Major breakthrough for the government policy to strengthen the Government monitoring capacity of the IUPHHK’s activities in the field born in 2002 when at the same time the Minister of Forestry issued two policies. Each is the Minister of Forestry Decree No. 4795/Kpts-II/2002 on 3 June 2002 which set the 4 criteria and 24 indicators of Sustainable of Natural Production Forest Management (PHAPL) and Minister of Forestry Decree No. 4796/Kpts-II/2002 on 3 June 2002 that require each IUPHHK for the assessment of performance PHAPL (mandatory) by the Institute Independent Assessors (LPI) every 3 years. Seriousness the government to improve the performance of forest management increasingly evident when in 2002, 2003 and then repeated every 2 years conducted the selection process to get the LPI for Forest Nature eligible to obtain accreditation from the Ministry of Forestry.

In addition to the LPI duty conduct assessments through field verification, the system performance assessment PHAPL is also involved elements of forestry experts, environmental and social as independent Evaluation Team (TE), which works to evaluate the feasibility of the quality and objectivity of the assessment of the of LPI and Verification Considerations Board (DPV) to make technical objective if there is a IUPHHK submit letter of objection against the assessment results of LPI. Improving the quality of assessment continues to be done dynamically through improvement methodology. While the increase in HR competency is done through training organized by the Institute Ekolabel Indonesia (LEI). To stimulate each LPI work maximally, in the assessment system is applied to reward and punishment to the performance reports LPI. For LPI is based on the results of the assessment show the performance of TE akan get good reward and vice versa for the LPI shows that poor performance will get the punishment until the termination of its status as the LPI.

During the seven years of running the assessment system is effective for the assessment of performance PHAPL an independent, comprehensive and objective. Integrity and competence assessors team successfully developed well, and immune from the various acts of irregularities. Terms of competency and qualification teams continue to be improved . Similarly, the assessment methodology, from year to year continue to be developed and improved accuracy. Consistency value performance indicator of 24 PHAPL assessed, maintained with the preparation of inter-Relational indicators. Everything is done to obtain the assessment results accurately and comprehensively. To ensure the sharpness of the assessment results of each indicator is described further in some relevant verifier and equipped with the standards of maturity weight verifier. Verifier can be input based, legal-based, process-based and based out-put.

To obtain results that more fair, each verifier in one indicators determined the status of the proximity indicator, which is stratified into three levels, namely dominant verifier, pre-dominant verifier and supporting verifier. IUPHHK for the period of operation is relatively young (≤ 5 years) the dominant verifier will be focused on verifier-based input or process. While for the period of operation IUPHHK relatively old (more than 5 years) verifier-based out-put status will become dominant, so that will be the focus for assessment.

The process of assessing each verifier will almost certainly always present analysis of the suitability of financial allocation data ((planning and realization ) with the physical activity data / reporting activities (planning and realization), and proceed with the field verification to know the level of data validity and quality level of activities implementation in the field. The process is conducted to obtain accurate results and komprehenship The process is carried out to obtain the assessment results accurately and comprehensively. So that the IUPHHK’s value of "bad" "medium" or "good" is because it really can be evidenced by the activities data support and actual field conditions with equivalent quality.

There are no other options for achieving the rank IUPHHK for performance "medium" or "good" except with the implement all obligations and responsibilities of forest management are evident in the field and correctly in accordance with the rules and regulations. Implementation of the IUPHHK performance assessment system that substance is the verification data to forest management activities to the field level, the various violation forms of sustainable forest management principles can no longer be covered with the data manipulation and physical manipulation of spatial data or maps, because it will be detected in the field. This can be seen from the results of the PHAPL performance assessment phase one that shows more than 50% of the votes IUPHHK ranking performance indicates the value of "bad".

In order to improve the performance of forest management in the future IUPHHK, Institute Independent assessors have made Corective Action Request (CAR's) for the indicators that show the value of bad. When the CAR's are processed into the action plan and implemented consistently in the field, guaranteed the performance of sustainable forest management units will be increased. Based on the results of the assessment of performance sustainable forest management unit phase II indicates that there has been increasing the unit's performance sustainable forest management with the value of the average to be a "medium". Management units that do not improve their performance and value are still performing poorly, in general, due to the action plan or CAR's does not carry consistently in the field.

System performance sustainable forest management unit that was built to improve the monitoring capacity of the Government, has been running for seven years. The increasing number of forest management units that successfully improve their performance, proving that the implementation of the performance assessment system significantly beneficial, so eligible to proceed. Results of performance assessment of sustainable forest management and supporting data, will become a useful input for the Government to issue a policy that is compatible with many current problems in the field. Sustainable Forest Management during the thirty-two years earlier only to be nearly the slogan, in the future through the implementation of the performance assessment system in stages and surely will be achieved.

On behalf of the sustainable forest management and the successful return of the forestry sector, required the involvement of various stakeholders to participate in maintaining and supporting the performance assessment system of sustainable forest management from the various negative efforts that seems to want to improve the system, but indeed only intended to prevent and create a "dead lock" situation so that in the end can not run at all.



WONGSAMIN